Harold N. Ipsen: Fundamentals of Vacuum Heat Treating.

Ipsen Industries Inc., Rockford, Illinois, USA, 1960, 50 Seiten mit 19 Bildern. Gebunden Halbleinen.

Vacuum heat treating is a relatively new development as applied to industry. Basically, it consists of performing heat treating operations in some type of evacuated chamber which is heated either internally or externally. Vacuum is used to protect the work from reaction with oxygen in the air, to remove absorbed gases and impurities from the metal, and to break up certain chemical compounds on or in the metal. A study of vacuum heat treating is essential in the modern metals industry. During the past few years, the development of a variety of vacuum heat treating furnace designs is directly related to a parallel development of vacuum metallurgy techniques and practices. This manual covers the basic considerations that apply directly to vacuum heat treating furnaces and their use. As in any infant science, many changes can be expected in vacuum heat treating through the next few years. Therefore, page replacements and additions will be made from time to time. The authors and editors have taken every precaution to insure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the material is drawn from many sources and we were constantly aware of divergent values that were given by different authorities for the same constants. For this reason, we urge the reader to be cautious in his application of the data contained in this manual.